Lubricating composition



Patented Apr. 1,1941

UNITED STATES PATEr "trace wnmca'rme ccmosrrion Fred Norton, Findlay, Ohio, assignor to The Ohio Oil Company, Findlay, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application March 10, 1938, Serial No. 195,157

2 Claims. (Cl. 252-54) pressures. To successfully maintain lubricating properties of an oil is the primary object of the invention of which the following is a description.

Another object of this invention is to increase the extreme pressure characteristics of additive substances now recognized as improving the lubricating properties of oils to withstand abnormal pressures. By lubricating properties is meant the ability of the oil-to bind its fllm to the rubbing surfaces so firmly that it withstands the action ,of pressure and shearing forces which tend to crush, tearor squeeze out the film.

It is also an object of this invention to increase the extreme pressure characteristics of lubricating compositions and at the same time reduce the quantity of additives required.

One of the objects of my invention is to incorporate in a lubricating composition a substance which will facilitate and extend the distribution ofthe lubricant to bearing surfaces not readily accessible to lubricants of the neoessaryviscosity.

An important advantage of the composition invented is to provide volatility to the extreme pressure lubricating composition such that its distribution will benefit the parts not ordinarily reached by lubricating oils, for example, the upper parts of explosion cylinders.

Among the objects of my invention is to provide in such a lubricating composition, an ingredient which in the normal distribution of the fluid will facilitate the solution and removal of sludge or other undesirable deposits.

An incidental feature of the invention is the fact that by its use the distillation from the crank case and the burning of heavy ends" arising from incomplete combustion within the. firing chamber is promoted.

treated with a minor percentage of one'or more of the commercially available substances which are classified as extreme pressure additives. The object of such substances is well known as being to preserve or maintain the lubricating value of the oil when subjected to normal or abnormal temperatures, or normal or extreme operating pressures, or both. Such additive substances are generally organic compounds which have been halogenated and may contain sulphur, phosphorus (as phosphoric acid) or analogous non-metals as well as aromatic carbocyclic compounds. Such substances frequently are used in halogenated form and as esters of inorganic acids. The advantages of such compositions and their origin and uses are well understood and need not be further described here. I

Observation on the use of such additive compounds has shown that there is a minimum proportion beyond which it is not feasible to diminish them. It is also true that their presence and use frequentlyleads to the development of incomplete products of combustion which form a sludge or residue or possibly dilute the lubricating composition and thus interferewith or shorten its effectiveness.

In meeting this problem it has been found that.

the addition of a fractional portion, approximately one or two percent, but sufflcient to give the results herein described of a halogenated volatile oleflne compound is of marked benefit in reducing the proportion of additive compound needed, and improving the characteristics both of normal operation and checking or eliminating unsatisfactory by-products suchas sludge or .wax.

This volatile olefine compound may be one of a large class of such compounds of which ethylene and propylene are the principal members. While I am not at present prepared to explain their effectiveness fully, it is probable that they are advantageous as ofiering a convenient medium by which to increase the percentage of halogen such as chlorine, bromine or iodine in the lubricating composition. Any one of these halogens may be combined with a member of the oleflne group above mentioned but for the purpose of example, ethylene dichloride is used.

By adding a small quantity of ethylene dichloride or one of the above halogenated olefines to lubricating oil, there result a decided improvement in the property of the oil by which it may be distributed to remote parts of the bearing surfaces such as the upper parts of the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines. The ethylene dichloride has a relatively stable boiling point so that it promotes volatility and the distillation out of the crank case 01' the heavy ends and sludge. It is possible in this way to improve the high pressure characteristics of the lubricant. However, this improvement is even more marked when a percentage, approximately three percent or less, of the customary conventional additives are included in the lubricating composition This percentage is efiective although it is less than the amount ordinarily found necessary when such additives are used alone. Expressed another way, the use of a halogenated olefine such as ethylene dichloride in a lubricant with extreme pressure characteristics, greatly improves those characteristics and reduces the quantity of customary conventional additives required.

It has been observed that the action of the volatile halogenatedblefine is to serve as a solvent for sludge; gums and like residues and make it possible for them to be removed from the exposed surfaces insidethe motor. In the body oi lubricant this sludge is either rendered unobjectionable by the presence of the ethylene dichloride or it may be distilled ofi by the volatile characteristic of the latter.

It is also noted that the ethylene dichloride or its analogous substance serves to prevent crank case dilution. It may even be found that the ethylene dichloride eliminates itself and other undesirable substances from the crank case through distillation or evaporation thus counteracting the tendency of lubricants to become inefiective by dilution.

Exemplifying this invention butyl lauryl ore cresylic esters of both phosphoric and phos phorous acids are blended with a halogenated aromatic compound or compounds or the benzol or diphenyl series with the further addition of a halogenated aliphatic compound containing not to exceed three carbon atoms and a boiling point below 284 F., for example ethylene dichloride. I'hese ingredients are incorporated in the mineral lubricating oil in such quantity as to give between 1% and 2% chlorine contmt and between and ofthe combined phosphoric and phosphorous esters in the lubricating compound.

From the above example it will be evident that the invention may be practiced in diverse ways and by the selection of a large number of appropriate substances without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

What I claim is: Y

1. A lubricating composition comprising lubricating oil, approximately 3% thereof or less of an additive substance containing phosphorus for maintaining the lubricating property of said oil under high pressure, and approximately one or two percent or less of ethylene dichloride.

2. A lubricating composition comprising a lubricating oil, a halogenated aromatic compound, ethylene dichloride and esters of both phosphoric and phosphorous acids.

FRED NORTON. 

